The Celtic Tiger period Essays - Europe, Economic History Of Ireland

The Celtic Tiger period The Celtic Tiger was used as a symbol to describe the booming economy of Ireland specifically during the time period between 1997 and 2007 The Irish economy in the 1980's through the 1990's was steadily increasing , to become one of the world's most rapidly growing . (3) During this time of economic boom people from around the world began to move back to their ancestral roots in Ireland for employment . As unemployment went down from 20% in the late 1980's to 4% in 2007. ( 4) The Irish economy was at its peak during the period between 1997-2007; and was thus named the " Celtic Tiger ." Ireland moved from being one of the poorest countries in Europe to one of the richest in only a matter of years . (5) One of the main reasons Irelands ' economy grew so much was due to job creation . Having low tax rates , specifically in the corporate world , helped to attract many investors to Ireland . (5) Ireland also began to offer free higher education to EU citizens . (2) Which thus created many new job opportunities . In only of span of fifteen years (1990-2005) the employment rate in Ireland went from 1.1 million to 1.9 million . (5) Irelands ' trading market began to expanded internationally ; which attracted many people to Ireland for work . With more jobs and a growing economy , many Irish began to turn to development . After Ireland experience a wave of emigration , developers went so far as to began to build houses for what they hoped a second wave of immigrants to Ireland would buy . (9) In order to pay for these houses , developers used loans from Irish banks. Lending from banks for development rose from 5.5 billion euros in 1999; to 96.2 billion euros in 2007. HYPERLINK "https://www.mtholyoke.edu/falve22h/classweb/recession/recession/Sources.html" \o "Sources.html" (9) Developers , Irish banks , and the Irish government alike saw this as a huge opportunity for expanding the celtic tiger . At the end of 2006, instead of worrying about the amounting debt , Prime Minister Bertie Ahern stated , "The boom is getting boomier ." (9) reason of crash Ireland's successful economy was followed by a major increase in real estate and commercial development in the 2000's. (1) This increase in development was supported by thousands of loans with Irish banks. Some of the biggest banks involved with such loans were the Anglo Irish Bank, the Allied Irish Banks , and the Bank of Ireland . (2) To add fuel to the fire banks offered low interest rates , while the Irish government offered low corporate tax rates ; leading to even more loans and an even greater increase in development . (3) Construction made up 25% of Irelands GDP in 2006, and the construction industry employed nearly 20% of the workforce . (9) The major reliance on the construction industry put Ireland's economy in a very unbalanced position . When a recession hit in 2008, individuals and developers who had taken out loans from these banks found that they could not repay them . Leaving many of the Irish banks with overwhelming debts . (3) To add to this problem because of the recession , the prices of properties deflated causing even more debt . This debt caused many developers to have to abandon their projects , and now abandoned developments can be seen across Ireland . A photographer took pictures of these " ghost homes " and combined with a handful of architect came up with an interesting idea to do with them ; HYPERLINK "https://www.mtholyoke.edu/falve22h/classweb/recession/recession/Video/Video.html" \o "Video/Video.html" click to watch the video here. ( Under Bright Ideas for a Currently Dim Future ). credit rating

A Profile of Teresa of Avila

A Profile of Teresa of Avila Like Catherine of Siena, the other woman named Doctor of the Church with Teresa of Avila  in 1970, Teresa also lived in turbulent times: the New World had been opened to exploration just before her birth, the Inquisition had been influencing the church in Spain, and the Reformation began two years after she was born in 1515 in vila in what is now known as Spain. Teresa was born into a well-to-do family, long established in Spain. Some 20 years before she was born, in 1485, under Ferdinand and Isabella, the Tribunal of the Inquisition in Spain offered to pardon conversos- Jews who had converted to Christianity- if they had secretly been continuing Jewish practices. Teresas paternal grandfather and Teresas father were among those who confessed and were paraded through the streets in Toledo as repentance. Teresa was one of ten children in her family. As a child, Teresa was pious and outgoing- sometimes a mixture that her parents couldnt handle. When she was seven years old, she and her brother left home planning to travel to Muslim territory to be beheaded. They were stopped by an uncle. Entering the Convent Teresas father sent her at 16 to the Augustinian Convent Sta. Maria de Gracia, when her mother died. She returned home when she fell ill, and spent three years there recovering. When Teresa decided to enter the convent as a vocation, her father at first refused his permission. In 1535, Teresa entered the Carmelite monastery at vila, the Monastery of the Incarnation. She took her vows in 1537, taking the name of Teresa of Jesus. The Carmelite rule required being cloistered, but many monasteries did not enforce the rules strictly. Many of the nuns of Teresas time lived away from the convent, and when at the convent, followed the rules rather loosely. Among the times Teresa left was to nurse her dying father. Reforming the Monasteries Teresa began experiencing visions, in which she received revelations telling her to reform her religious order. When she began this work, she was in her 40s. In 1562 Teresa of Avila founded her own convent. She re-emphasized prayer and poverty, coarse rather than fine materials for clothing, and wearing sandals instead of shoes. Teresa had the support of her confessor and others, but the city objected, claiming that they could not afford to support a convent that enforced a strict poverty rule. Teresa had the help of her sister and her sisters husband in finding a house to begin her new convent. Soon, working with St. John of the Cross and others, she was working to establish the reform throughout the Carmelites. With the support of the head of her order, she began to establish other convents that maintained the orders rule strictly. But she also met opposition. At one point her opposition within the Carmelites tried to get her exiled to the New World. Eventually, Teresas monasteries separated as the Discalced Carmelites (calced referring to the wearing of footwear). Writings of Teresa of Avila Teresa completed her autobiography in 1564, covering her life until 1562. Most of her works, including her Autobiography, were written at the demand of authorities in her order, to demonstrate that she was doing her work of reform for holy reasons. She was under regular investigation by the Inquisition, in part because her grandfather was a Jew. She objected to these assignments, wanting to work instead on the practical founding and managing of convents and the private work of prayer. But it is by those writings that we know her and her theological ideas. She also wrote, over five years, the Way of Perfection, perhaps her best-known writing, completing it in 1566. In it, she gave guidelines for reforming monasteries. Her basic rules required love of God and of fellow Christians, emotional detachment from human relationships for full focus on God, and Christian humility. In 1580, she completed another of her major writings, Castle Interior. This was an explanation of the spiritual journey of the religious life, using the metaphor of a many-roomed castle. Again, the book was widely read by suspicious Inquisitors- and this wide dissemination may have actually helped her writings achieve a wider audience. In 1580, Pope Gregory XIII formally recognized the Discalced Reform order Teresa had begun. In 1582, she completed another book of guidelines for the religious life within the new order, Foundations. While in her writings she intended to lay out and describe a path to salvation, Teresa accepted that individuals would find their own paths. Death and Legacy Teresa of Avila, known also as Teresa of Jesus, died at Alba in October of 1582 while attending a birth. The Inquisition had not yet completed its investigations of her thought for possible heresy at the time of her death. Teresa of Avila was declared a Patroness of Spain in 1617 and was canonized in 1622, at the same time as Francis Xavier, Ignatius Loyola, and Philip Neri. She was made a Doctor of the Church- one whose doctrine is recommended as inspired and in accord with church teachings- in 1970.

Ethical aspect in management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ethical aspect in management - Assignment Example Managers are struggling nowadays to improve the skills of individuals in order to meet the market expectations. As people from all around the world are in contact to do business, therefore unawareness to culture and norms of one another results in unethical practices and values occur in the business environment which results in decrease of trust and eventually huge losses are born by the organizations due to misunderstandings, thus managers have started to make sure that unethical values and practices are not occurring in their organization by using the methods and techniques of management under the light of theories and functions of management. To ensure the standard of ethics in an organization managers have to work hard to set the rules and they have to communicate the code of ethics to each and every employee so that everyone gets the information about the ethical standard which is required to be maintained in the organization. Managers also spend their time to monitor the busine ss carried out in the organization so that employees should develop the sense that they are not at their own to do whatever they want. It is suggested that simply caring for the utility and rights of others and justice while dealing in a business environment ensures that ethical values are being practiced in the organization. (b) Introduction: Management is the ability which is instinctively present in humans however some people are better managers than others because of certain factors which help them polish their ability more than others. Management means different things to different people (Haimann, 1974) but when this term is used in an environment related to business it refers to a process. What is Management' Defining Management The process of planning, decision-making, leading and controlling the available resources of an organization such as man-power, finance, machines and information in order to achieve the organizational goals in the best possible way is called management. Good management results in completion of projects using the resources wisely and in a cost effective manner in accordance with making right decisions and implementing them successfully (Portny, 2007). Management in Modern World Due to its importance in every organization and business environment, management has emerged as an important subject area which is widely studied and practiced all over the world. With the gigantic increase in the population of the world, productivity has emerged as a serious problem in the business organizations because the demand for the product has suddenly increased and despite of having capital and demand of product in the market, organizations are not able to increase their production due to lack of skilled labor (Malhotra, 1997). Therefore, the managers have started to think and search for methods and techniques to fulfill the customer's demand by using the existing labor. Management on this outline is the modern management and in this era managers struggle to improve the performance of the employees individually which in turn results in the improvement in the production of the organization. Management is a complex process because managers have to keep eye on various aspects at the same time therefore

Johannes Brahms - Sextet No. 1 in B-Flat Major, Op. 18 Essay

Johannes Brahms - Sextet No. 1 in B-Flat Major, Op. 18 - Essay Example The unconventional feature of the sextets written by Brahms was the number of instruments in the ensemble; Brahms chose to complement and expand the traditional quartet with additional cello and viola, for it enabled intensification of the sound and made all instruments equal in strength. Two additional instruments are used to embellish composition instead of directly contributing to full harmonies, moreover, they make music louder and thicker and also give additional volume while sounding either simultaneously or parallellously. Brahms’ sextets are a kind of challenge and the attempt to stand out and supersede Beethoven in his mastery. Involvement of two cellos brings fresh air to the composing pattern, as the second cello is predominantly a means of embellishment and melodics, while the first cello is responsible for nourishing the compositing with substantial bass support. The sextet No. 1 in B-Flat Major, Op. 18 is a string sextet composed in 1860 by the young Brahms and published about two years later. The sextet is a very beautiful romantic piece – and a rather long one, which is typical for young Brahms - consisting of four movements, three of them being more than ten minutes in length. The first movement is called Allegro, ma non troppo and is a brilliant calm â€Å"intro† to the composition, which reminds of sonata form and serves as a lyrical or even â€Å"pastoral† (Dean Hansen) ingredient of the sextet. The second movement is considered the most famous and powerful: it is called Andante, ma moderato and is presented by variations on lurid themes with a rather interesting ending. However, as Brahms followed the rules of structure, variations are rather strict in this respect, yet they demonstrated influence of Baroque traditions. The figures of the movement are rather diverse, and the tempo of their change leaves a listene r with the thrilling sensation, until the light-hearted and good-humored scherzo

A proposal for a Moroccan restaurant in Qatar Research Paper

A proposal for a Moroccan restaurant in Qatar - Research Paper Example In starting a Moroccan restaurant in Qatar, the investor will benefit from the close cultural ties between the two countries. Morocco and Qatar have close cultural ties where in both countries, the official language is Arabic and the majority of residents are Muslims (Cohen, 2000). The proposed location of the restaurant has been preferred given that it is an attraction site and therefore the restaurant will be able to reap from the high turnout in this area. Particularly, by starting a Moroccan restaurant at the heart of a cultural center will offer the Moroccan immigrants and customers from diverse cultures a taste of Moroccan delicacies. In addition to offering Moroccan foods, the restaurant will give its customers the Moroccan cultural experience. Decoration to be Used on the Restaurant To attract customers and distinguish the restaurant from other facilities in the area, decorations that will be used will be based on the Moroccan style. This will not only give the facility a uni que image but will also help bring the Moroccan architectural design into this cultural area thereby increasing its representation. The decoration will also make it a memorable destination in the minds of all visitors and therefore its marketing will be enhanced. The Moroccan decoration style will used both in the interior and exterior of the restaurant. Additionally, the furniture that will be used in the restaurant will also be based on the Moroccan design. Moroccan Interior Moroccan Furniture The colors used in Moroccan interior decoration are usually welcoming and warm giving the visitors a relaxing and welcoming feel. The furniture has distinctive look and are covered with animal skin such as goat, camel and cow hide (Williams, 2009). The restaurant will also incorporate some plants for its decoration. Some of the plants to be used include dwarf palms, thuja trees, rose bushes, mimosa and mango tree. To further give the restaurant a Moroccan touch, the accessories to be used in the hotel such pottery, tile and ceramics, candleholders, Arabian night lanterns will be based on the Moroccan style. Restaurant staff To serve its customers adequately, the restaurant will recruit forty employees who will work in different cadres. The staff to be recruited will be from Morocco as they will be able to prepare Moroccan meals. The staff will be headed by a hotel manager who should have experience in hotel management and a strong educational background on the same. The manager will oversee the overall management of the restaurant. The manager will be deputized by various assistant-managers who will be in-charge of different departments including food and beverages, accounts, supervision and human resource. The food and beverage department will deal with selection of meals and drinks to be stocked. The department will also be charged with catering services where staff in this section will be attending to visitors. Consequently, this department forms the bulk of organiz ation and a large chunk of staff will work in this section. The accounts section will deal with bookkeeping and management all the revenues of the restaurant. The other critical department within the restaurant will be the supervisions departments which will be charged will the general cleanliness of the place. The supervision department will be headed by a supervisor managing about five other staff. The proposed restaurant will a

Paramountcy Principle Analysis

Paramountcy Principle Analysis Introduction Section 1(1) of the Children Act 1989 (CA) contains what is commonly referred to as the ‘paramountcy’ or ‘best interests principle’. The section provides: When a court determines any question with respect to— (a) the upbringing of a child; or (b) the administration of a child’s property or the application of any income arising from it,   the child’s welfare shall be the court’s paramount consideration. The paramountcy principle has been a feature of English law for a very long time (Alston Gilmour-Walsh 1996, p3) and from time to time, has been subjected to critical scrutiny (Reece 1996, p 267; Fineman 1988, p727). This essay investigates the extent to which the operation of parental responsibility and the application of the paramountcy principle conflict in private law disputes concerning children. Firstly, I briefly analyse the implications of the paramountcy principle and then I examine the cause of conflict between the application of the paramountcy principle and parental responsibility. In the penultimate section, I proffer an analysis for mitigating the conflict. I make my final observations in the conclusion. Implications of the welfare principle The welfare principle as set out in section 1(1) of the CA requires that the interests of the child are treated as paramount and so the interests of parents or other parties must be subordinated to those of the child. As Lord McDermott explained, the welfare principle, ‘connote[s] a process whereby when all the relevant facts, relationships, claims and wishes of parents, risks, choices and other circumstances are taken into account and weighed, the course to be followed will be that which is most in the interests of the child’s welfare’(Re KD (A Minor) (Wardship: Termination Of Access) [1970] AC 668 at pp710-711). Similarly, the Court of Appeal stated in Re P (Contact: Supervision) ([1996] 2 FLR 314 at p328) that the court is concerned with the interests of the mother and the father only in so far as they bear on the welfare of the child’. This view has been upheld in many other cases (Lowe 1997) like Re O (Contact: Imposition of Conditions) where it was held: It [is]worth statingsome very familiar but none the less fundamental principlesoverriding all elsethe welfare of the child is the paramount consideration it cannot be emphasised too strongly that the court is concerned with the interests of the mother and the father only in so far as they bear on the welfare of the child. Thus, the law’s rendering of the paramountcy principle is individualistic. Hence, the welfare of the child is viewed without consideration for the welfare or interests of the rest of his or her family, friends and community. Parental responsibility and the paramountcy principle Re K D (Minor) (Ward: Termination of Access) ([1988] 2 WLR 398) ) provides a good example of how the individualistic conception of the welfare principle works in actual practice. In that case, Lord Oliver specifically considered the mother’s appeal that the right to access was a parental right protected by article 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950 (ECHR) and that to terminate access with her child would result in a breach of her article 8 rights. In deciding the matter, Lord Oliver held: Parenthood [confers]on parents the exclusive privilege of orderingthe upbringing of children of tender age That is a privilege which is circumscribed by many limitations When the jurisdiction of the court is invoked for the protection of the child the parental privileges do not terminate. They do, however, become immediately subservient to the paramount consideration the welfare of the child. The idea of parental responsibility is concomitant with parental rights. Consequently, it has been suggested that the paramountcy principle does not sit well with the idea of parental rights/responsibility because the former is structured along welfarist principles whilst the latter is rights-based. In particular, it has been suggested that the principle goes against article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) which provides a qualified right to respect for private and family life, the home and correspondence. By encapsulating the rights of both parents and children to private and family life, article 8 appears on its face to come into clear conflict with the CA, which renders the child’s interests paramount. This criticism has become particularly compelling since the implementation of the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) which domesticated Convention rights in the UK (Herring 1999b). However, it is possible (and indeed necessary) to expound an analytical framework which allows the recognition of both principles as being important for the survival and development of the child. Reconciling parental responsibility with the paramountcy principle-a rights-based analysis There is a strong consensus among family law practitioners that section 1(1) of the CA, as it is currently interpreted, reflects a predominantly utilitarian or welfarist approach. Stephen Parker in his seminal piece on family law and legal theory has analysed the movement of family law from a rights-based to a welfare-based approach (Parker 1992, p 311). In this regard, it is emphasised that before the HRA was enacted the rights-based model of family law had, been rejected due to the increasing dominance of the child-centred approach advocated by the paramountcy principle in section 1(1) of the CA. However, the CA, since it identifies the welfare of the child as the sole and decisive consideration, does not correspond to classic utilitarianism: it does not seek to arrive at an outcome which, overall, achieves the best result for the family members or others, but only for the child. In other words, it only requires that the child’s welfare should be paramount, rather than by direct reference to the principle of utility whereby actions that maximise the greatest welfare of the greatest number are preferentially singled out (Herring 1999b pp223-35). The paramountcy principle is not strictly welfarist principle as has been argued by many. At the same time it may be pointed out that the ECHR’s approach cannot be said to be fully rights-based. Although the Convention is clearly a classically or rights-based document since it assumes that certain rights and interests are intrinsically valuable and should prima facie be protected, its adherence to a strictly rights approach may be viewed as undermined in respect of the materially qualified articles such as articles 8-11. These articles proffer a qualified rights-based approach, since the qualifications of their second paragraphs allow the rights to be compromised by sufficiently weighty consideration (Mullender 2000, pp 493-516). Thus, although the Convention’s theoretical underpinnings differ significantly from those of the CA, the differences in their approaches and values may be less irreconcilable than some theorists have cared to acknowledge. However, demonstrating that the approaches between the paramountcy principle and the ECHR are not all that much at odds does not resolve the issue. This is because as it is currently conceived and applied, the paramountcy principle is incompatible with the demands of article 8 of the Convention. There is, therefore, a need for a reinterpretation of the principle under section 3(1) of the HRA in accordance with the interpretative obligation under that section, and of the need for taking account of the relevant Strasbourg jurisprudence under section 2. The term ‘paramount’ in section 1(1) of the CA needs to be redefined, but such redefinition need not be radical because the word ‘paramount’ also suggests the notion of ‘pre-eminency’, rather than the meaning the courts have so far given it under the CA, whereby it has in reality meant ‘sole’. However, given the scope for ambiguity that the courts might discover in the term ‘pre-eminent’, the term ‘primacy’ might be more in line with the ECHR’s provisions as well as the jurisprudence of the Strasbourg institutions. The adoption of that term could be viewed as a possible interpretation of the term ‘paramount’ and would obviate the need for a declaration of incompatibility under section 4 of the HRA. This rendering of the paramountcy principle is also in line with article 3 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child which requires that in all actions concerning children, their best interests must be a primary consideration. The use of the article ‘a’ in the Convention suggests that the welfare or best interests of the child are to be considered, but that a number of other factors can also be considered (Alston 1994b). Clearly, these factors include the recognition of parental responsibility. Concluding remarks It is clear from the foregoing that despite its utilitarian foundations, the paramountcy principle can exist side by side with the rights-based approaches required by the application of parental responsibility. A persuasive case may indeed be made for the removal of the primacy principle. However, given the entrenchment of the principle in English law, it is not only desirable but possible to re-interpret the principle in a manner that comport well with the rights-based framework. The extent of dissonance between the two frameworks depends on the extent to which judges and practitioners are willing to accommodate a rights-based approach in dealing with matters that involve the two principles. Bibliography International Conventions Convention on the Rights of the Child European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950 Statutes Children Act 1989 Human Rights Act 1998 Cases Re KD (A Minor) (Wardship: Termination of Access) [1970] AC 668 Re P (Contact: Supervision) [1996] 2 FLR 314 Re O (Contact: Imposition of Conditions) Books and articles Alston, P (ed), The best interests of the child: Reconciling culture and human rights, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994a. Alston, P ‘The best interests principle: Towards a reconciliation of culture and human rights’ in Alston, P (ed), The best interests of the child: Reconciling culture and human rights, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994b. Alston, P Gilmour-Walsh, B The best interests of the child: Towards a synthesis rights and cultural values, Florence: Innocenti Studies, 1996. Choudhry, S Fenwick, H ‘Taking the rights of parents and children seriously: Confronting the welfare principle under the Human Rights Act’ 2005 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 453. Eekelaar, J ‘Beyond the welfare principle’ 2002 Child and Family Law Quarterly 237. Fineman, M ‘Dominant discourse, professional language and legal change in child custody decision-making’ (1988) 101 Harvard LR 727. Fortin, J ‘The HRAs impact on litigation involving children and their families’ (1999) CFLQ 237. Herring, J ‘The Human Rights Act and the welfare principle in family law Conflicting or complementary?’ (1999a) CFLQ 223. Herring, J ‘The welfare principle and parents’ rights’, in A. Bainham, et al (eds) What is a parent? A socio-legal analysis London: Hart Publishing, 1999b. Mullender, R ‘Theorising the third way: Qualified consequentialism, the proportionality principle and the new social democracy’ (2000) 27(4) J. Law and Society 493. Parker, S ‘Rights and utility in Anglo-Australian family law’ (1992) 55 MLR 311. Van Bueren, G The international law on the rights of the child Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.

car accident :: essays research papers

Traumatic events come in many different ways at many different times of ones life. Mine came on the school bus while I was on my way home from school. The bus had stopped to let a couple kids off and I stood up to throw some trash away. I stood up we were rear ended by a young lady who had been trying to get a bee out of the car and not realized the bus had stopped. I was standing up and the impact caused me to bang into the seat in front of me and the one behind me. I didn’t realize what had happened until moments later when someone said something. As I began to sit down I felt a sharp pain shoot through my body and my heart started to beat rapidly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The accident made me realize that nothing is for certain and you shouldn’t take anything for granted. I had always viewed riding a school bus has something that wouldn’t put me in danger, after all the drivers are trained professionals, right? What I never considered was the actions of others and how complete strangers can change your life in a bigger and more significant way than some of the people closes to you. I had never really considered dying at a young age because my grandparents lived to be old. After that bus ride home my outlook on life was severely changed and I started to appreciate my parents more an tell them I loved them a lot more often because wasn’t sure if we’d both be around to say it the next time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The car accident will always be a major moment in my life because of what it showed me. That accident gave me visual proof that God has a plan for everyone and everything has a reason or hidden message. Just when I was coming to a point in my life where I was beginning to see where I fit in at school, it reminded me to cherish every moment has though it was my last, because I don’t know when it’ll be over.